"""
The ``Possession`` class has some basic properties for handling possession data
"""
from itertools import groupby
from operator import itemgetter
import pbpstats
from pbpstats.resources.enhanced_pbp import (
FieldGoal,
FreeThrow,
JumpBall,
Rebound,
Substitution,
Timeout,
Turnover,
)
[docs]class Possession(object):
"""
Class for possession
:param list events: list of
:obj:`~pbpstats.resources.enhanced_pbp.enhanced_pbp_item.EnhancedPbpItem` items for possession,
typically from a possession data loader
"""
def __init__(self, events):
self.game_id = events[0].game_id
self.period = events[0].period
self.events = events
def __repr__(self):
return (
f"<{type(self).__name__} GameId: {self.game_id}, Period: {self.period}, "
f"Number: {self.number}, StartTime: {self.start_time}, EndTime: {self.end_time}, "
f"OffenseTeamId: {self.offense_team_id}>"
)
@property
def data(self):
"""
returns dict possession data
"""
return self.__dict__
@property
def start_time(self):
"""
returns the time remaining (MM:SS) in the period when the possession started
"""
if not hasattr(self, "previous_possession") or self.previous_possession is None:
return self.events[0].clock
return self.previous_possession.events[-1].clock
@property
def end_time(self):
"""
returns the time remaining (MM:SS) in the period when the possession ended
"""
return self.events[-1].clock
@property
def start_score_margin(self):
"""
returns the score margin from the perspective of the team on offense when the possession started
"""
if not hasattr(self, "previous_possession") or self.previous_possession is None:
score = self.events[0].score
else:
score = self.previous_possession.events[-1].score
offense_team_id = self.offense_team_id
offense_points = score[offense_team_id]
defense_points = 0
for team_id, points in score.items():
if team_id != offense_team_id:
defense_points = points
return offense_points - defense_points
[docs] def get_team_ids(self):
"""
returns a list with the team ids of both teams playing
"""
team_ids = list(
set(
[
event.team_id
for event in self.events
if hasattr(event, "team_id") and event.team_id != 0
]
)
)
prev_poss = self.previous_possession
while len(team_ids) != 2 and prev_poss is not None:
team_ids += [
event.team_id for event in prev_poss.events if event.team_id != 0
]
team_ids = list(set(team_ids))
prev_poss = prev_poss.previous_possession
next_poss = self.next_possession
while len(team_ids) != 2 and next_poss is not None:
team_ids += [
event.team_id for event in next_poss.events if event.team_id != 0
]
team_ids = list(set(team_ids))
next_poss = next_poss.next_possession
return team_ids
@property
def offense_team_id(self):
"""
returns team id for team on offense on possession
"""
if len(self.events) == 1 and isinstance(self.events[0], JumpBall):
# if possession only has one event and it is a jump ball, need to check
# how previous possession ended to see which team actually started with the ball
# because team id on jump ball is team that won the jump ball
prev_event = self.previous_possession_ending_event
if isinstance(prev_event, Turnover) and not prev_event.is_no_turnover:
team_ids = self.get_team_ids()
return (
team_ids[0]
if team_ids[1] == prev_event.get_offense_team_id()
else team_ids[1]
)
if isinstance(prev_event, Rebound) and prev_event.is_real_rebound:
if not prev_event.oreb:
team_ids = self.get_team_ids()
return (
team_ids[0]
if team_ids[1] == prev_event.get_offense_team_id()
else team_ids[1]
)
return prev_event.get_offense_team_id()
if isinstance(prev_event, (FieldGoal, FreeThrow)):
if prev_event.is_made:
team_ids = self.get_team_ids()
return (
team_ids[0]
if team_ids[1] == prev_event.get_offense_team_id()
else team_ids[1]
)
return prev_event.get_offense_team_id()
return self.events[0].get_offense_team_id()
@property
def possession_has_timeout(self):
"""
returns True if there was a timeout called on the current possession, False otherwise
"""
for i, event in enumerate(self.events):
if isinstance(event, Timeout) and event.clock != self.end_time:
# timeout is not at possession end time
if not (
event.next_event is not None
and (
isinstance(event.next_event, FreeThrow)
and not event.next_event.is_technical_ft
)
and event.clock == event.next_event.clock
):
# check to make sure timeout is not between/before FTs
return True
elif isinstance(event, Timeout) and event.clock == self.end_time:
timeout_time = event.clock
after_timeout_index = i + 1
# call time out and turn ball over at same time as timeout following time out
for possession_event in self.events[after_timeout_index:]:
if (
isinstance(possession_event, Turnover)
and not possession_event.is_no_turnover
and possession_event.clock == timeout_time
):
return True
return False
@property
def previous_possession_has_timeout(self):
"""
returns True if there was a timeout called at same time as possession ended, False otherwise
"""
if self.previous_possession is not None:
for event in self.previous_possession.events:
if isinstance(event, Timeout) and event.clock == self.start_time:
if not (
event.next_event is not None
and isinstance(event.next_event, FreeThrow)
and event.clock == event.next_event.clock
):
# check to make sure timeout is not beween FTs
return True
return False
@property
def previous_possession_ending_event(self):
"""
returns previous possession ending event - ignoring subs
"""
previous_event_index = -1
while isinstance(
self.previous_possession.events[previous_event_index], Substitution
) and len(self.previous_possession.events) > abs(previous_event_index):
previous_event_index -= 1
return self.previous_possession.events[previous_event_index]
@property
def possession_start_type(self):
"""
returns possession start type string
"""
if self.number == 1:
return pbpstats.OFF_DEADBALL_STRING
if self.possession_has_timeout or self.previous_possession_has_timeout:
return pbpstats.OFF_TIMEOUT_STRING
previous_possession_ending_event = self.previous_possession_ending_event
if (
isinstance(previous_possession_ending_event, (FieldGoal, FreeThrow))
and previous_possession_ending_event.is_made
):
shot_type = previous_possession_ending_event.shot_type
return f"Off{shot_type}{pbpstats.MAKE_STRING}"
if isinstance(previous_possession_ending_event, Turnover):
if previous_possession_ending_event.is_steal:
return pbpstats.OFF_LIVE_BALL_TURNOVER_STRING
return pbpstats.OFF_DEADBALL_STRING
if isinstance(previous_possession_ending_event, Rebound):
if previous_possession_ending_event.player1_id == 0:
# team rebound
return pbpstats.OFF_DEADBALL_STRING
missed_shot = previous_possession_ending_event.missed_shot
shot_type = missed_shot.shot_type
if hasattr(missed_shot, "is_blocked") and missed_shot.is_blocked:
return f"Off{shot_type}{pbpstats.BLOCK_STRING}"
return f"Off{shot_type}{pbpstats.MISS_STRING}"
if isinstance(previous_possession_ending_event, JumpBall):
# jump balls tipped out of bounds have no player2_id and should be off deadball
if not hasattr(previous_possession_ending_event, "player2_id"):
return pbpstats.OFF_LIVE_BALL_TURNOVER_STRING
else:
return pbpstats.OFF_DEADBALL_STRING
return pbpstats.OFF_DEADBALL_STRING
@property
def previous_possession_end_shooter_player_id(self):
"""
returns player id of player who took shot (make or miss) that ended previous possession.
returns 0 if previous possession did not end with made field goal or live ball rebound
"""
if self.previous_possession is not None and not (
self.possession_has_timeout or self.previous_possession_has_timeout
):
previous_possession_ending_event = self.previous_possession_ending_event
if (
isinstance(previous_possession_ending_event, FieldGoal)
and previous_possession_ending_event.is_made
):
return previous_possession_ending_event.player1_id
if isinstance(previous_possession_ending_event, Rebound):
if previous_possession_ending_event.player1_id != 0:
missed_shot = previous_possession_ending_event.missed_shot
return missed_shot.player1_id
return 0
@property
def previous_possession_end_rebound_player_id(self):
"""
returns player id of player who got rebound that ended previous possession.
returns 0 if previous possession did not end with a live ball rebound
"""
if self.previous_possession is not None and not (
self.possession_has_timeout or self.previous_possession_has_timeout
):
previous_possession_ending_event = self.previous_possession_ending_event
if isinstance(previous_possession_ending_event, Rebound):
if previous_possession_ending_event.player1_id != 0:
return previous_possession_ending_event.player1_id
return 0
@property
def previous_possession_end_turnover_player_id(self):
"""
returns player id of player who turned ball over that ended previous possession.
returns 0 if previous possession did not end with a live ball turnover
"""
if self.previous_possession is not None and not (
self.possession_has_timeout or self.previous_possession_has_timeout
):
previous_possession_ending_event = self.previous_possession_ending_event
if isinstance(previous_possession_ending_event, Turnover):
if previous_possession_ending_event.is_steal:
return previous_possession_ending_event.player1_id
return 0
@property
def previous_possession_end_steal_player_id(self):
"""
returns player id of player who got steal that ended previous possession.
returns 0 if previous possession did not end with a live ball turnover
"""
if self.previous_possession is not None and not (
self.possession_has_timeout or self.previous_possession_has_timeout
):
previous_possession_ending_event = self.previous_possession_ending_event
if isinstance(previous_possession_ending_event, Turnover):
if previous_possession_ending_event.is_steal:
return previous_possession_ending_event.player3_id
return 0
@property
def possession_stats(self):
"""
returns list of dicts with aggregate stats for possession
"""
grouper = itemgetter(
"player_id",
"team_id",
"opponent_team_id",
"lineup_id",
"opponent_lineup_id",
"stat_key",
)
results = []
event_stats = [
event_stat for event in self.events for event_stat in event.event_stats
]
for key, group in groupby(sorted(event_stats, key=grouper), grouper):
temp_dict = dict(
zip(
[
"player_id",
"team_id",
"opponent_team_id",
"lineup_id",
"opponent_lineup_id",
"stat_key",
],
key,
)
)
temp_dict["stat_value"] = sum(item["stat_value"] for item in group)
results.append(temp_dict)
return results